Quiz Answers: Find out if you picked the correct choice!
The answers to the questions posed on the front page are provided below. The questions are re-stated for your easy reference. A brief explanation and references for more information are included for those interested in learning more about each topic.
Question: What is PETS and what does it do?
a. PETS is an avatar that provides support to students who use Advanced Distributed Learning applications.
b. PETS is a performance measurement system that is designed to implement objective measures of distributed mission performance.
c. PETS is a performance measurement system that is designed to implement subjective measures of distributed mission performance.
d. both b and c
Answer: b
PETS (Performance Evaluation Tracking System) is a system, which was developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory, that obtains data from a training simulation environment (e.g., entity state) to evaluate objective measures that are associated with the Mission Essential Competencies (MECs) for distributed missions. Objective measures are quantifiable metrics such as number of threats engaged. PETS uses data obtained from the training environment to compute a quantifiable metric that can be compared against a given standard.
Subjective measures are evaluations regarding different aspects of performance that are made based on human judgment/interpretation of a behavior or process. Therefore, PETS is not designed to implement subjective measures.
Please refer to the article “Performance Measurement Challenges in Distributed Mission Operations Environments” by Eric Watz in the March 16, 2004 issue of the Simulation Technology Magazine to learn more about PETS.
Question: Multi-resolution terrain models are developed to store and process terrain models at various resolutions. Which of the following is statements regarding multi-resolution terrain models is true?
a. Multi-resolution terrain models require more memory space than single-resolution terrain models.
b. There is no need for a multi-resolution terrain model because only one resolution of a terrain model is ever needed.
c. Multi-resolution terrain models enable users to access a terrain model that is at a resolution appropriate for their needs.
d. Multi-resolution terrain models prohibit interoperability between simulations.
Answer: c
Multi-resolution terrain models are developed to provide users with terrain models at a resolution that will accommodate their specific need. For example, a dismounted infantry training scenario would require a higher resolution terrain model than a command and control training scenario.
To learn more about multi-resolution terrain models, please refer to the article, “Progressing Towards Interoperability: Using the Lifting Scheme for Multi-resolution Terrain Databases”, by Chan Hunyh in the March 16, 2004 issue of the Simulation Technology Magazine.
Question: The Simulation Interoperability Workshop (SIW) Technical Reference Model (TRM) study group specified five guiding principles for the C4ISR – M&S TRM. Which of the following is not one of the five principles?
a. composable
b. easy to Interpret
c. usable
d. independent
Answer: a
The CFISR – M&S TRM was developed to enable interoperability between C4I systems and computer generated forces (CGF) simulations. The SIW TRM study group specified five principles to guide the development of the C4ISR – M&S TRM. These principles are that the C4ISR – M&S TRM must be: comprehensive, easy to interpret, usable, independent, and traceable.
For more information on the CFISR- M&S TRM, refer to the article, “Understanding the C4I – M&S Technical Reference Model, other Models, and Standards”, by Frank Carr in the March 16, 2004 issue of the Simulation Technology Magazine.
Question: The CardioVascular-Ventricular System (CVVS) Federation was originally built to which standard?
a. HLA IEEE 1516
b. DIS
c. There is no such federation.
d. DoD HLA V1.3
Answer: d.
The CVVS Federation was built to comply with DoD HLA V1.3 but was later ported to HLA 1EEE 1516. The CVVS Federation was built to enhance the CardioVascular SIMulator, which is a tool used by the National Space Biomedicine Research Institute to model cardiovascular activity.
To learn about the process of porting the CVVS Federation developed to comply with DoD HLA V1.3 to HLA IEEE 1516, refer to the article, “A Practical Guide to Implementing a Biomedical Federation Using the 1516 RTI with the C++ Interface”, by Robert Lutz and Sean Murphy that was published in the March 16, 2004 edition of the Simulation Technology Magazine.
Question: A metamodel is data model for metadata. So, what is metadata?
a. a very large data file
b. data that describes data
c. data that is used by a cognitive model
d. a data element that can be shared
Answer: b
Metadata provides information about a particular data element. A metamodel identifies the specific information that the metadata should provide. In the March 16, 2004 edition of the Simulation Technology Magazine, an article entitled “The Critical Role of Metadata in JSF Development” by Roy Scrudder described the development of a metamodel that is being used in the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Authoritative Modeling Information Systems (JAMIS). Please refer to this article for more information regarding the metamodel developed for the JAMIS.